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How the Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet Came into Being

As we all know, we record Chinese language with the characters. if you come to learn Chinese language in China, you should know Chinese characters are usually regarded as the ideographic writing and the sound-indicating is weaker than the alphabetic languages. In ancient times, Chinese men of letters noted the pronunciation of Chinese language with different methods. However, they all noted it by using the character itself.
At the beginning of the seventeenth century, that is, the late of Ming Dynasty, the coming of the western missionary like Matteo Ricci brought the systematic pronunciation noting scheme with Latin letters. However, this method was used to serve for the missionaries to study Chinese and did missionary work. Therefore,it was only popularly used by the missionaries.
When it came to the late of Qing Dynasty, some well-educated intellectuals felt the backward education and even the whole China were closely related to the difficulty in Chinese language learning. As a result, they devoted themselves to researching the effective methods to note the pronunciation of Chinese characters. The achievement of this movement was the Mandarin Phonetic Symbols, the first set of official phonetic alphabet published by Government of the Republic of China.
However,since the phonetic symbols were noted by the simple strokes in Chinese characters but not the popular Latin or Roman letters, it suffered the dissenting opinions of the scholars. They thought it didn’t follow the tendency of the language development in the whole world and limited in the scientific application and technology. Besides, the differences between vowels and consonants were not displayed in this scheme. Just as the foreign students who attend to study in China know, much importance was attached to the language and writing work since the foundation of the new China. 
The Ministry of Education established Chinese Characters Reform and Research Council to take responsibility of studying the schemes of Chinese phonetic alphabet. Several years later, the special committee was established to do this work. After large amount of research and discussion, the draft of Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet was formed in 1956. After that, it was discussed and corrected for several times and obtained the legal status in 1958. In the year of 1977, the United Nations thought the Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet is completed in the view of linguistic and set it as the standard in 1982.

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